Oke na ọnọdụ ebe A312 dabara
ASTM A312 na-ekpuchi enweghị enweghị nkebi, welded, na nnukwu oyi{1} arụ ọrụ austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara maka corrosive na elu - ọrụ okpomọkụ gafee kemịkalụ nhazi, nnụcha, desalination, na itule{3} nke - ihe ọkụkụ; okpomọkụ -exchanger/jiye tubing kama dara n'okpuru A213/A269, ịdị ọcha ahịrị n'okpuru A270, na akụkụ na-emekarị na-eso ASME B36.19M (Sch 5S/10S/40S/80S); na chloride{14}}mgbasa ozi ikuku ma ọ bụ ikuku oxygen, mmiri oke osimiri{15}} sekit jụrụ oyi, yana ọrụ nrụgharị na-ebute ụzọ dị ọcha na oge, nhọrọ ọkwa A312 na imecha elu dị mma.
Ọkwa ị nwetara n'ezie
Ọtụtụ iwu ịzụrụ ihe na-elekwasị anya na obere ezinụlọ nwere akara ule. Abụọ{1}}ka akara dị ka304/304Lma ọ bụ316/316Lna-eme ka ịgbado ọkụ dị n'akụkụ HAZ ka ọ na-echekwa ike ebumnobi n'otu ahịrị ngwaahịa.
Tebụl 1 - akararị A312 nkịtị na ojiji a na-ahụkarị
|
Ọkwa (TP) |
Ihe mere e ji họrọ ya |
Ngwa nnọchite anya |
|
304 / 304L / 304H |
Ndakọrịta kemịkalụ sara mbara na ọnụ ahịa asọmpi |
Usoro izugbe, uru uzuoku/mmiri |
|
316 / 316L / 316H |
Mo- ; nkwụsi ike dị elu / mgbawa |
Mkpebi mmiri mmiri, chloride{0}}sistemụ na-ebu |
|
321 / 321H |
Ti - kwadoro iji jikwaa nhụsianya na oke okpomọkụ |
Ọrụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ịgbado ọkụ na ịgba ígwè ọkụ |
|
347 / 347H |
Nb- kwadoro; windo nkwụsi ike sara mbara |
Ọkụ/ọkụ ọkpọkọ ebe a na-atụ anya ịgba ígwè |
|
310S / 309S* |
Cr/Ni dị elu; oxidation/oke nguzogide |
Oxidizing na-ekpo ọkụ gas, ducting, mgbasawanye nkwonkwo |
|
904L* |
Ni/Mo/C dị elu maka ọrụ chloride/acid ike ike |
Harsh chloride ma ọ bụ agwakọta -ọrụ acid |
* Nnweta na akụnụba dịgasị iche site na mpaghara na ụzọ igwe igwe.
Chemistry na Njirimara Baseline
Jiri ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a maka nyocha mbụ; Ihe ikpeazụ achọrọ ga-agbasorịrị mbipụta ASTM/ASME kachasị ọhụrụ yana nkọwa ndị zụrụ.
Tebụl 2 - kemistri na-egosi (wt.%)
|
Ọkwa |
C (oke / H) |
Cr |
Ni |
Mo |
Stabilizer (ụdị.) |
|
304(L/H) |
0.03 / 0.04–0.10 |
18–20 |
8–11 |
- |
- |
|
316(L/H) |
0.03 / 0.04–0.10 |
16–18 |
10–14 |
2.0–3.0 |
- |
|
321(H) |
0.08 / 0.04–0.10 |
17–19 |
9–13 |
- |
Ti ≈ 5×C ruo ihe na-erughị 0.7% |
|
347(H) |
0.08 / 0.04–0.10 |
17–19 |
9–13 |
- |
Nb+Ta ≈ 10×C–1.0% |
Tebụlụ 3 - Ime ụlọ kacha nta a na-ahụkarị{1}} tensile okpomọkụ
|
Ezinụlọ / ọkwa |
Tensile min |
Mpụta min |
Ogologo oge min |
|
304/304L/316L |
≈ 515 MPa |
≈ 205 MPa |
≈ 35% |
|
321/347 (gụnyere H) |
≈ 515 MPa |
≈ 205 MPa |
≈ 30–35% |
|
310S/309S |
≈ 515 MPa |
≈ 205 MPa |
≈ 30% |
Ngụkọta nhazi dabere naekwe ka nrụgide vs. okpomọkụsite na koodu ndị ọdabara karịa ime ụlọ{0}}ọnụọgụ okpomọkụ naanị.
Akụkụ, Usoro, na Nkwadebe Ọgwụgwụ - Ihe Na-emetụta Nrụpụta
Nha ọkpọkọ na-esokarịASME B36.19M. Ịhọrọ5S/10S/40S/80Snhazi oge kwesịrị ịhazi nrụgide, ikike corrosion, na ịnweta ịgbado ọkụ. Maka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, ọtụtụ ọrụ na-ahọrọ ibé{1} ka{2}} ogologo iji belata welds ubi. Nkwadebe ngwụcha dabara na nkwonkwo: larịị ma ọ bụ square - ịkpụ maka orbital na ọrụ oghere, gbadoro ụkwụ maka akwa weld. Mgbe a na-eme atụmatụ ịgbado ọkụ orbital ma ọ bụ nnwale ihi mmiri dị egwu, OD siri ike na nnabata mgbidi na-enyere aka belata ịdị mma- n'elu ikposa. Nhọrọ dị n'elu gụnyere pickled/passivated ma ọ bụna-egbuke egbuke-annealed (BA); oru ngo nke nwere ịdị ọcha siri ike ma ọ bụ adịghị ike dị na ID kwesịrị ịkọwapụta ma metrik mecha na nnabata.
Enweghị nkebi na welded n'okpuru A312 - Otu Otu esi ekpebi n'omume
Ụzọ abụọ a bụ nke A312 ma nwee ike na-akpa àgwà ka ha na-arụ ọrụ mgbe a na-akọwapụta ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na NDE nke ọma. Welded (ERW/EFW) na-enye ikike na arụmọrụ ọnụ ahịa na NPS buru ibu na ogologo oge, ma ọ bụrụhaala na seams bụ ngwọta zuru oke-annealed na passivated. A na-ahọrọkarị enweghị nkebi ebe nrụgide na-agafe agafe, nkwụsi ike, ma ọ bụ spools dị mgbagwoju anya na-achọkwu ike. Mpempe akwụkwọ data ahụ kwesịrị ịkọwa ụzọ a na-anabata yana nkwenye na-egosi nhata maka ọrụ a chọrọ.
Ịrụpụta ihe, ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe n'elu
Sistemụ A312 na-aga nke ọma na-amalite n'ụlọ ahịa kama ịrụ ọrụ. Ọkpụkpọ igwe anaghị agba nchara Austenitic kwesịrị ịhapụ mmepụta na ngwọta zuru oke- ọnọdụ a na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi na-adị ngwa ngwa ka chromium carbides gbazee wee weghachi otu matriks austenitic otu. N'ebe a na-eji ọkpọkọ welded, a na-ebute seams na otu ngwọta ahụ -Annealed state; A na-enwe nkụda mmụọ akụkụ ma ọ bụ nke mpaghara n'ihi na ha na-ahapụ microstructures agwakọtara yana nzaghachi corrosion na-enweghị isi.
A na-ejikwa iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe dị n'elu dị ka usoro: nrụpụta, ihicha, ngafe, na nkwenye. Tint na-ekpo ọkụ, ígwè agbakwunyere, na chloride foduru bụ ihe atọ na-ebutekarị corrosion na-akabeghị aka. Ọ bụrụ na ngbanwe ọ bụla na-adịgide mgbe ịgbado ọkụ gachara, wepụ ya na usoro wee weghachi ihe nkiri na-agafe agafe site na ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ dị ka akọwara na nkọwapụta ọrụ (ọtụtụ ndị nwe ụlọ na-ezo aka na omume ụlọ ọrụ dịka ASTM A380/A967). Maka ọrụ ndị na-achọ ID dị ezigbo ụtọ ma ọ bụ ọchịchọ na-adịghị mma, ngwaahịa -annealed (BA) nwere ike ịkọwapụta yana ụkpụrụ nnabata maka imecha ID yana ịdị ọcha.
Weld{0}}arụ ọrụ dị n'akụkụ na-adaberekarị na ọzụzụ usoro karịa na nhọrọ ọkwa. Iji L- grades ma ọ bụ akara ule kwụsiri ike n'akụkụ weld na-enyere aka igbochi nghọta; elu -ịsacha gas inert dị elu na ID ahụ na-ebelata tint okpomọkụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ oxide; na nbipute nke ọma{4} weld ihicha na-egbochi saịtị crevic. Ngwá ọrụ na mgbasa ozi ga-abụrịrị igwe anaghị agba nchara{6}}naanị-carbon{8} brọsh ígwè, ogbunigwe, ma ọ bụ uzuzu egweri nwere ike itinye ígwè n'efu nke na-emecha gbanarị ma mebie ihe nkiri ahụ.
Ịdị ọcha na nchekwa na-emechi akaghị. Kọwaa ka esi asacha, akpọọ ya, ma chekwaa ID ahụ, ka esi etinye okpu ngwụcha, yana ka esi fụchie ùkwù iji chịkwaa chloride pickup na partculate ingress n'oge nchekwa na mbupu. Ihe akaebe edobere maka inyefe gụnyere okpomọkụ{2}} chaatị ọgwụgwọ, ndekọ ngafe, nsonaazụ ịdị ọcha ID, yana ọ bụrụ na akọwapụtara ya, ike adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ferrous{3}}nleba anya mmetọ. Mgbe edere njikwa ndị a n'ime akwụkwọ data wee gbuo ya mgbe niile, ahịrị A312 welded na enweghị nkebi na-akpa agwa n'ọhịa ma na-echekwa nguzogide corrosion ha ogologo oge.
Atụmatụ ule na nyocha
Kama ịdekọ mgbọ, chee echiche n'ihe akaebe. Otu ihe na-egosipụta iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nrụgide (ule eletriki eletrik na-adịghị emebi emebi kwa A312). Ọzọ na-akwado mgbidi na ID na-aga n'ihu (eddy - ugbu a ma ọ bụ UT karịrị 100% ogologo maka sistemụ dị egwu). Ebe nghọta bụ ihe egwu, a na-agbakwunye usoro corrosion intergranular (ASTM A262). PMI na-enyocha njirimara alloy na ngwugwu. Ntọala akwụkwọ ahụ na-enye MTC traceability site na okpomọkụ ruo n'ùkwù, yana njirisi nnabata na usoro mkpesa ekwenyela na ITP. Mgbe onye nwe ya chọrọ ya,{10} ndị ọzọ gbaara (dịka ọmụmaatụ,BV, SGS) enwere ike ịhazi.
Ịnye ozi - ubi ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ na mpempe data
Tebụl 4 - Ogige akwụkwọ data yana ndenye a na-ahụkarị
|
Ubi |
Ntinye a na-ahụkarị |
|
Ọkwa/ọkwa abụọ |
304/304L, 316/316L, 321/321H, 347/347H; H-ọkwa ebe ike ọkụ dị elu chọrọ |
|
Nha na nhazi oge |
NPS, nhazi oge (5S / 10S / 40S / 80S), mgbidi tụrụ ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya |
|
Ogologo na njedebe |
Bee - ruo - ogologo ma ọ bụ enweghị usoro; Nkwadebe ngwụcha (plain/square{2}}egbutu/gbachapụ) |
|
Ụzọ nrụpụta |
Enweghị enweghị nkebi na/ma ọ bụ welded anabatara; nha nha nha na mkpuchi NDE |
|
Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ & elu |
Anneal ngwọta; pickled / passivated ma ọ bụ BA; Ụkpụrụ ịdị ọcha ID |
|
NDE na nnabata |
Hydrostatic ma ọ bụ eletriki ule; mkpuchi EC/UT; nnabata na akuko |
|
Nkwakọ ngwaahịa & ịdị ọcha |
Okpu ngwụcha, nkụ, oke chloride, nchekwa ID |
|
Akwụkwọ & traceability |
Nkọwa MTC (EN 10204), oke PMI, akara / akara akara |
|
Ntinye aka ndị ọzọ- nke atọ |
Oke ịgba ama/nyocha mgbe onye nwe ya kọwapụtara ya |
Nkwado oru ngo
Maka oru ngo wuru gburugburuASTM A312 igwe anaghị agba nchara, Ọkpụkpọ Octalna-enye 304/304L, 316/316L, 321/321H, 347/347H wee họrọ akara ule pụrụ iche nwere ngwọta{8}Annealed finishs, pickling/passivation, beta{9}} na{10}}ọrụ ogologo na akwụkwọ dabara na ITPs. Enwere ike ịhazi nyocha ndị ọzọ nọọrọ onwe ha na arịrịọ.
FAQ
Q1: Gịnị bụ ASTM A312 (ASME SA312) igwe anaghị agba nchara anwụrụ eji?
A1:Ọ bụ ọkpọkọ igwe anaghị agba nchara austenitic maka oke ọkụ{0} na pipụ ọrụ na-emebi emebi.
Q2: Olee otú m ga-ahọrọ n'etiti TP304/304L na TP316/316L maka ASTM A312 ọkpọkọ?
A2:Họrọ 304/304L maka nrụrụ izugbe; họrọ 316/316L maka mma pitting / crevice iguzogide na chlorides.
Q3: Gịnị ka m ga-arịọ iji nyochaa ASTM A312 ọkpọkọ mma tupu ịzụta?
A3:Rịọ maka nsonaazụ nnwale MTC/traceability, hydrotest ma ọ bụ NDE, PMI, yana nnwale corrosion ọ bụla akọwapụtara (dịka, ASTM A262) gbakwunyere nlele akụkụ/ mechaa.
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